Pipeline transportation has become a key method for modern energy delivery, with long-distance pipelines serving as the preferred strategy for addressing energy transportation challenges on a global scale. Major oil and gas producing and consuming nations widely employ long-haul pipelines to tackle the transportation challenges of oil and gas resources, particularly natural gas, over 95% of which is transported via pipelines.
The article’s analysis of the heat treatment requirements for DIN flanges is very insightful, and we have indeed encountered similarissues in our European projects. it is hoped that more data on the high-temperature creep performance of materials could be added.