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Chapter 2: Macroscopic Inspection Technology of Steel Table of Contents Section 1: Macro-Etch Inspection of Steel (Low-Magnification Acid Etch Inspection) Section 2: Fracture Inspection of Steel Preface: Definition and Application of Macroscopic Inspection Technology Low-magnification inspection, also known as macroscopic inspection, is a method for examining the macrostructure and defects of steel and its products […]

GB/T 226-91 — Steel Macrostructure and Defect Acid Etching Inspection Method 📥 Download Original PDF (Chinese Version) Original GB/T 226-91 Chinese Standard Document (embedded above) 1 Scope This standard specifies the acid etching method for examining the macrostructure and defects of steel. It is applicable to the inspection of macrostructure and common defects in various […]

Bearing and Window Flange Manufacturing Specialized flanges for mechanical and architectural applications requiring precision manufacturing. Bearing Flange Applications Motor mounting flanges: Precision alignment Pump bearing flanges: Heavy duty service Shaft support flanges: Rotating equipment Custom bearing flanges: Per specifications Window Flange Systems Architectural window flanges Pressure rated window systems Corrosion resistant coatings Custom fabrication available […]

Flange Sizing and Repair Guide Proper flange sizing and timely maintenance ensures safe and reliable pipeline operation. Flange Sizing Chart NPS 1/2 to NPS 24: Standard industrial range DN15 to DN600: Metric equivalents Class 150 to 2500: Pressure ratings Custom sizes: Available on request Flange Repair Methods Face resurfacing: Minor damage repair Bore machining: Restore […]

Cast Iron Flange Installation Guide Cast iron flanges provide durable solutions for commercial and industrial piping installations. Cast Iron Closet Flange Features Durable construction for long service life Corrosion resistant epoxy coating Standard and custom sizes available Compatible with various pipe materials Mounting Flange Installation Prepare and clean mounting surface Mark bolt hole positions Drill […]

Drain Flange and Exhaust Systems Industrial drain and exhaust flanges ensure safe fluid management in processing facilities. Drain Flange Applications Floor drain flanges: Water treatment facilities Process drain flanges: Chemical plants Roof drain flanges: Industrial buildings Shower drain flange: Commercial facilities Exhaust Flange Bolts Specifications ASTM A193 B7: High temperature bolting ASTM A193 B8: Corrosion […]

Blind Flanges for Industrial Applications Blind flanges are critical components for pipeline isolation and pressure testing in oil and gas, chemical, and power generation industries. Types of Blind Flanges Standard blind flanges: ASME B16.5 Class 150-2500 High pressure blind flanges: API 6A certified Large diameter blind flanges: Up to DN4000 Spectacle blind flanges: For frequent […]

Flange Sizing and Repair Guide Proper flange sizing and timely repair ensures safe pipeline operation. Flange Sizing Chart NPS 1/2 to NPS 24: Standard range DN15 to DN600: Metric sizes Class 150 to 2500: Pressure ratings Custom sizes available Flange Repair Methods Face resurfacing for minor damage Bore machining for worn surfaces Bolt hole repair […]

Cast Iron Flange and Mounting Applications Cast iron flanges provide durable solutions for industrial and commercial piping installations. Cast Iron Closet Flange Durable construction Corrosion resistant coating Standard and custom sizes Compatible with various pipe materials Mounting Flange Installation Proper surface preparation Anchor bolt specifications Leveling requirements Sealing and waterproofing Setting a Flange Measure and […]

Drain Flange and Exhaust Flange Applications Industrial drain and exhaust flanges serve critical functions in process piping systems. Drain Flange Types Floor drain flanges: Water treatment plants Process drain flanges: Chemical plants Roof drain flanges: Industrial buildings Exhaust Flange Bolts High temperature bolting: ASTM A193 B7 Corrosion resistant: ASTM A193 B8 Proper torque specifications Regular […]

Flange Gaskets Complete Selection Guide Proper gasket selection is critical for leak-free flange connections in industrial piping systems. Gasket Materials Non-asbestos fiber: General service Graphite: High temperature up to 450C PTFE: Corrosive chemicals Spiral wound: High pressure applications Ring type joint: Extreme pressure Flange Sizing Standards ASME B16.5: American standard EN 1092-1: European standard JIS […]

Blind Flanges Complete Guide Blind flanges are essential components for pipeline isolation and pressure testing in industrial applications. Types of Blind Flanges Standard blind flanges: Class 150-2500 High pressure blind flanges Large diameter blind flanges Spectacle blind flanges Applications Pipeline end caps System isolation Pressure testing Future connection points Flange Gaskets Selection Non-asbestos sheet gaskets […]